All conditions
Pain & other conditions
Fibromyalgia
Also known as: Fibromyalgia syndrome
A long-term condition of widespread pain, fatigue and poor sleep caused by heightened pain processing in the nervous system.
Video lesson
Animated explainer
What it is
In fibromyalgia the nervous system amplifies pain signals, a process called central sensitization. It does not damage joints or muscles, but the pain is real. It often coexists with conditions such as RA, lupus, depression or sleep apnea.
Symptoms
Widespread aching for three months or more, fatigue, unrefreshing sleep, brain fog, headaches, irritable bowel symptoms and sensitivity to touch, noise or temperature.
How it’s diagnosed
Diagnosis is based on symptoms and exam using established criteria. Blood tests rule out other causes such as thyroid disease, vitamin D deficiency or inflammatory arthritis.
Treatment
Gradual, regular exercise is the most effective treatment. Better sleep, cognitive behavioral therapy and stress management help. Medicines such as duloxetine, pregabalin or low-dose amitriptyline reduce pain for some people. Opioids are not recommended.
Living with it
Start low and go slow with activity, pace your day and protect your sleep schedule. Progress often comes in small steps over months.
At a glance
Category
Pain & other conditions
Also known as
Fibromyalgia syndrome
Reviewed by Farhan Tahir, MD, FACR
Questions about your own care?
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For education only. Don’t start, stop or change a medicine without talking to your care team.