Cyclophosphamide

Brand names: Cytoxan

A strong immune-suppressing medicine reserved for severe, organ-threatening disease.

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Cyclophosphamide

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How it works · Disease-modifying medicine

Overactive immune cells

In conditions like RA and lupus, immune cells are overactive and keep sending inflammatory signals.

Severe vasculitis, lupus nephritis and lupus affecting the brain, and rapidly progressive lung disease.

It damages the DNA of rapidly dividing immune cells, sharply reducing their numbers.

Usually IV infusions every 2 to 4 weeks for a defined course, then switched to a gentler maintenance medicine.

Nausea, hair thinning, low blood counts, serious infection, bladder irritation, infertility and a long-term increase in some cancers.

Blood counts before each dose and urine checks. Preventive antibiotics against pneumonia are often given.

Fertility-preserving options can be discussed before starting. Drink plenty of fluids on infusion days.

At a glance

Class

Conventional DMARDs & immunosuppressants

Brand names

Cytoxan

Reviewed by Farhan Tahir, MD, FACR

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For education only. Don’t start, stop or change a medicine without talking to your care team.